Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of crystal forms of calcium carbonate and is often used in construction and has been used for flooring for hundreds of years. Unlike other construction materials limestone demonstrates a certain solubility in water and weak acid solutions means that water and acid rain can often cause surface marking and in more severe cases, can actually infiltrate cracks, penetrate the surface and cause significant damage.

Limestone has, despite these negative aspects, been a popular choice for floors for many years and despite its delicacy and porosity compared to say slate or marble - is deceptively tough and more hardwearing than many people would imagine. The key to maintaining limestone's rugged and timeless aesthetically pleasing appearance is careful cleaning and maintenance and above all - protecting the surface.

It is worth noting that limestone's adversity to water means that it is not recommended in areas where spillages are common - areas such as kitchens and wash-rooms. If there are any spillages, it is advisable to clean them up immediately before any surface damage occurs. When the floor is correctly cleaned the application of a good commercial sealant is absolutely essential to offer ongoing protection and make the surface less permeable in case of contact with liquids. This is the most important aspect of limestone floor maintenance, so you would be well advised to contact a limestone cleaning specialist to find out which is the best sealant for you.

When cleaning the floor, it is important to use a neutral PH cleaner and to avoid contact with any acid based cleaning agents which can etch the surface of the limestone and bleaches should also never be used as they can actually stain or discolour the floor - which will leave you with an uneven or ugly finish. Be sure to sweep up all dirt and scattered debris or grit before cleaning and a soft cloth should be used while cleaning. It is also advisable to have the floor re-sealed on an annual basis as sealants can wear over time and expose the surface.

Another crucial stage in the protection of your floor is to avoid surface scratching. Although sweeping and vacuuming can remove the majority of surface grit, you should also use doormats to prevent as much as possible from entering the area. Care should be taken when moving heavy objects such as furniture, and when moving chairs. Padded tips can be applied to sharp corners or the points of chair legs to help prevent scratching as well.

If you have any doubts as to how to protect your floor, you would be well advised to consult a professional limestone cleaning company - and the same applied if you find your floor marked or stained in some way.